Estimation of anisotropic properties of nano-structured arrays by modal vibration control at microscale

Nano-structured arrays are engineered to meet the requirements of a variety of applications such as microfilters, sensors, and structural interface due to their unique mechanical characteristics, which cannot be achieved by conventional solid materials. However, it is hard to evaluate the elastic properties of nano-structured arrays owing to the discrete structure, sample size, and availability of suitable techniques. To facilitate this, we develop an advanced three-dimensional microscale vibration testing process. In the test, a specially designed three-dimensional microspecimen with tuned mass is excited by a piezoelectric actuator, and the resonance frequencies are detected by a laser device successfully. The anisotropic elastic moduli of nano-structured array composed of helical nano-springs are identified from a single spectrum. This array shows so strong characteristic anisotropy that the solid one hardly can attain. The microscale testing technique can be extended to other materials and microstructures.     

Rome teleportation experiment analysed in the Wigner representation: the role of the zeropoint fluctuations in complete one-photon polarization-momentum Bell-state analysis

The Wigner representation of parametric down conversion in the Heisenberg picture is applied to the study of the Rome teleportation experiment. We investigate the physical meaning of the zeropoint inputs at the different areas of the experimental set-up. In particular, we establish a quantitative relationship between the zeropoint sets of modes that are needed for the preparation of the quantum state to be teleported, the idle channels inside the one-photon polarization-momentum Bell-state analyser, and the possibility of performing teleportation of a polarization state with certainty.     

Parametric study on the thermoelectric conversion performance of a concentrated solar‐driven thermionic‐thermoelectric hybrid generator

A concentrated solar‐driven thermionic‐thermoelectric hybrid generator composed of solar heat collector, thermionic generator (TIG), thermoelectric generator (TEG), and radiator is introduced in this paper. A theoretical model of thermoelectric conversion performance for the hybrid generator is built up based on the heat source of the concentrated solar radiation rather than isothermal heat source. Based on the model, the impacts of related parameters on the internal temperature distributions, output power, and efficiency have been discussed. Moreover, the optimal operating conditions of the TIG‐TEG hybrid device at its maximum output power and efficiency have been determined. Results show that when cascading the TEG with the TIG, there is very little change of the TIG cathode temperature in most conditions, namely, T_C ≈ T_C′. Meanwhile, the anode temperature becomes higher, and the TEG cold end temperature T₂ is close to the anode temperature T_A′ for the single TIG system, ie, T_A > T_A′ ≈ T₂. In theory, the optimal concentrated solar radiation I₀ for the maximum output power P_max and the maximum efficiency η_max differs, which are I_0,P = 2.5 × 10⁶ W/m² and I_0,η = 2 × 10⁶ W/m², respectively, whereas the output power and efficiency of the TIG‐TEG hybrid system simultaneously reach their maximum values when the optimal TIG anode temperature T_A,opt = 1025 K, the optimal TIG output voltage V_opt = 2 V, and the optimal ratio of load resistance to internal resistance (R₂/R)_opt = 2. However, in practice, the parameter values of I₀, Φ_A, and T_A should be strictly controlled under 1.8 × 10⁶ W/m², 1.4 eV, and 660 K, respectively. Generally, the maximum output power and efficiency of the hybrid TIG‐TEG system are, respectively, 35% and 4% higher than that of the single TIG.     

基于十字形阵列和2D-MUSIC算法的Lamb波检测

采用由压电传感器组成的十字形阵列进行Lamb波信号的激励和接收，提出一种二维多重信号分类（2D-MUSIC）方法对铝板中的缺陷进行定位检测。选用合适的频率激励产生单一模态信号，可避免多模态的影响，降低Lamb波的频散；利用2D-MUSIC算法对接收信号进行分段处理，并结合反射信号和二维导向矢量对铝板中的缺陷进行定位。结果表明，提出的2D-MUSIC算法对铝板中的缺陷定位比传统MUSIC算法更精准。     

Large eddy simulation of flow over square cylinder arrays in an octagonal configuration at subcritical Reynolds numbers

In this study, fluid flow over an array of eight, 0.029 m × 0.029 m, square cross‐section cylinders in an octagonal configuration is studied numerically. The mean force coefficients (drag and lift) and the vortex formation characteristics of the array are calculated numerically by utilizing a three‐dimensional large eddy simulation mathematical model for turbulence. The numerical simulation is performed with commercial software ANSYS Fluent 19R1. To investigate the parametric influences, three spacings between the cylinders (0.07, 0.14, and 0.2 m), two array attack angles (0° and 15°), and two Reynolds numbers (4060 and 45 800) are considered. The results comprise flow patterns and force coefficients' variations with Reynolds numbers. The lift force of the downstream cylinder reaches its maximum at α = 15°, and the drag force of the upstream cylinders finds its peak at α = 0°. It is observed through velocity and viscosity contour plots that vortex formation length near the cylinder increases at higher Reynolds number. Velocity vector plots are also presented to show fluid flow behavior near the cylinder. Furthermore, the predicted mean forces on the cylinders are slightly different for different Reynolds numbers, spacings, and angles of attack.     

Impact of flat roof–integrated solar photovoltaic installation mode on building fire safety

This paper quantifies experimentally the fire‐induced reradiation to roof surface created by flame extension on the back of the flat roof–integrated photovoltaic (PV) array. A gas burner underneath the tilted PV panels was employed as the fire source. The effects of the PV tilt angle, distance from PV panel to roof, and fire heat release rate (HRR) were investigated. The flame extension geometries and flame reradiation heat flux distribution were recorded. The results show that the flame extension length and vertical thickness (ie, the vertical distance from the back surface of the PV panel to the extension flame profile) are reduced with the increase of PV tilt angle and panel‐roof distance but are increased with increases in the fire HRR. A unified nondimensional HRR coupled with all these factors is proposed to quantify the flame extension geometry. Furthermore, a general equation based on the physical relationship between flame radiation and flame geometry is developed to characterize the distribution of reradiation heat flux on the roof surface with the nondimensional local flame thickness. Finally, suggestions regarding PV installations on flat roofs and the selection of roofing materials are given to decrease the possibility of flame propagation underneath the PV arrays.     

焊缝典型缺陷的超声相控阵检测与评析

当今社会,焊接技术广泛应用于工业设备的制作,焊接质量的好坏对设备的使用安全造成巨大的影响;超声检测是如今无损检测的重要手段之一,它能有效对接头的焊接情况进行检测,从而判断内部是否存在缺陷,检测结果是焊缝质量评价的重要依据;文章对多块坡口形状为“U”型、“X”型、“V”型的焊接试样中的裂纹、夹杂、未熔合等典型缺陷进行CIVA仿真模拟以及超声相控阵检测;首先通过仿真确定了检测工艺,扫查方式、扫查角度以获得更好的信噪比和缺陷可检测性;其次对比16块对焊接试板中多种不同典型缺陷的多次试验检测结果,分析各类典型缺陷的漏判及误判情况;最后对常规超声、相控阵超声、射线检测缺陷的测长结果进行了统计比较,分析影响相控阵超声测长结果的几个因素,从而为超声相控阵在实际焊缝检测中提供更大的可行性及可靠性。     

Effects of hydrogen enhancement on mesoscale burner array flame stability under acoustic perturbations

Partial substitution of hydrocarbon fuel with hydrogen can effectively improve small-scale combustion system stability and performance, potentially opening the way for novel compact power generation and/or propulsion systems in the future. In this study, the effects of hydrogen enhancement between 0% and 40% hydrogen volumetric fractions in methane fuel were experimentally observed in a mesoscale burner array subjected to external acoustic perturbations. The mesoscale burner array utilizes an array of swirl-stabilized burner elements and their interactions with neighboring elements to improve the overall flame stability and simultaneously reduces the combustor length scale. OH1 chemiluminescence and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) were used to image various hydrogen-enriched flames at an equivalence ratio of 0.7, subjected to transverse acoustic perturbations at 320 Hz. Two acoustic modes were imposed by controlling the phase difference between two speakers perturbing the flow. OH1 chemiluminescence images exhibited flame length scale reduction, leading to a denser flame array. Also, flame arrays with higher hydrogen enrichment were found to be more robust against transverse acoustic perturbations, demonstrated by reduced fluctuations in the global heat release rate. OH-PLIF images showed that flames with higher hydrogen enrichment initiated V- to M-shaped flame shape transition even under fuel lean conditions, thereby improving the combustion stability. OH-PLIF images were also used for flame stability analysis through spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD). The SPOD analysis showed hydrogen enrichment diminished flame fluctuation structures under fuel lean operation.